What Is a Novel Definition and Characteristics

A novel is a narrative work of prose fiction that tells a story about specific human experiences over a considerable length. Prose style and length, as well as fictional or semi-fictional subject matter, are the most clearly defining characteristics of a novel. Unlike works of epic poetry, it tells its story using prose rather than verse; unlike short stories, it tells a lengthy narrative rather than a brief selection. There are, however, other characteristic elements that set the novel apart as a particular literary form. Key Takeaways: What Is A Novel? A novel is a work of prose fiction that tells a narrative over an extended length.Novels date as far back as 1010s Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu; European novels first appeared in the early seventeenth century.Novels overtook epic poetry and chivalric romances as the most popular mode of storytelling, with an emphasis on the personal reading experience.Today, novels come in a wide array of subgenres Definition of a Novel For the most part, novels are dedicated to narrating individual experiences of characters, creating a closer, more complex portrait of these characters and the world they live in. Inner feelings and thoughts, as well as complex, even conflicting ideas or values are typically explored in novels, more so than in preceding forms of literature. It’s not just the stories themselves that are more personal, but the experience of reading them as well. Where epic poetry and similar forms of storytelling were designed to be publicly read or consumed as an audience, novels are geared more towards an individual reader. The following traits must be present for a work to be considered a novel: Written in prose, as opposed to verse. Narrators may have different degrees of knowledge or different points of view (first person versus third person and so on). While stylized novels such as epistolary novels do exist, the key distinction here is between prose and verse.Of considerable length/word count. There is no specific word count that automatically makes a work a novel, but in general, a short novel would be considered a novella, and even shorter than that would be short fiction.Fictional content. Semi-fictionalized novels (such as historical works inspired by true events or persons) exist, but a work of pure non-fiction would not be classified as a novel.Individualism, both on the page and for the intended audience. In the everyday vernacular, the novel has come to be associated most closely with fiction, as opposed to nonfiction. For the most part, that association stands: not all fiction is novels, but all novels are fiction. A non-fiction prose work that is of the same length as a novel could fall into several other categories, such as historiography, biography, and so on. Although a novel is typically a work of fiction, many novels do weave in real human history. This can range from full-fledged novels of historical fiction, which focus on a specific era in history or depict semi-fictional narrative about real historical persons, to works of fiction that simply exist in the â€Å"real† world and carry that baggage and implications. There also are early modern works of historical nonfiction that were embellished with unconfirmed traditions or made-up speeches for dramatic effect. Despite this, for most purposes we can assume that, when we’re talking about novels, we’re talking about works of narrative fiction. Types of Novels Novels come in all styles imaginable, with every author bringing their own unique voice to the table. There are a handful of major subgenres that tend to make up a large share of the market, although there are many other genres (and mash-ups of genres) out there. A few of the major types of novels you might need to know about: Mystery novels Mystery novels revolve around a crime that must be solved, often a murder but not always. The traditional format will have a detective—either professional or amateur—as the protagonist, surrounded by a group of characters who help solve the crime or are suspects. Over the course of the story, the detective will sift through clues, including false leads and red herrings, to solve the case. Some of the best-known novels of all time fall into the mystery genre, including the Nancy Drew and Hardy Boys series, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes novels, and Agatha Christie’s novels. Christie’s And Then There Were None is the world’s best-selling mystery novel. Science Fiction and Fantasy One of the more popular genres of novels is science fiction and fantasy, which both deal with speculative world building. The lines between the two are often blurred, but in general, science fiction tends to imagine a world that’s different because of technology, while fantasy imagines a world with magic. Early science fiction included the works of Jules Verne and continued on through George Orwell’s seminal classics such as 1984; contemporary science fiction is a highly popular genre. Some of the best-known novels in Western literature are fantasy novels, including the Lord of the Rings series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and Harry Potter; they owe their debt to European epic literature. Horror/thriller novels Thriller novels are occasionally combined with other genres, most often with mystery or science fiction. The defining characteristic is that these novels are often designed to induce a sense of fear, suspense, or psychological horror in the reader. Early versions of this genre included The Count of Monte Cristo (a revenge thriller) and Heart of Darkness (a psychological/horror thriller). More contemporary examples might be the novels of Stephen King. Romance Romance novels of the present day have some things in common with â€Å"romances† of the past: the idea of romantic love as an end goal, the occasional scandal, intense emotions at the center of it all. Today’s romances, however, are more specifically focused on telling a story of a romantic and/or sexual love between characters. They often follow highly specific structures and are all but required to have an optimistic or â€Å"happy† resolution. Romance is currently the most popular novel genre in the United States. Historical Fiction Just like its name suggests, historical fiction is simply a fictional story that takes place at some real, past time in human history. Some instances of historical fiction involve fictional (or semi-fictional) stories about actual historical figures, while others insert wholly original characters into real-life events. Iconic works of historical fiction include Ivanhoe, A Tale of Two Cities, Gone with the Wind, and The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Realist Fiction Realist fiction is, quite simply, fiction that eschews heightened genre or style to attempt to tell a story that â€Å"could† take place in the world as we know it. The focus is on representing things truthfully, without romanticization or artistic flourishes. Some of the best-known realist authors include Mark Twain, John Steinbeck, Honorà © de Balzac, Anton Chekov, and George Eliot. Novel Structure and Elements A novel can be structured in a myriad of ways. Most commonly, novels will be structured chronologically, with story segments divided into chapters. However, this is not the only structural option for authors. Dividing Up the Story Chapters tend to revolve around some small portion of the novel that is unified by a character, theme, or piece of plot. In larger novels, chapters may be grouped together into even larger sections, perhaps grouped by time period or an overarching portion of the story. The division into smaller chunks of story is one of the defining elements of a novel; a story thats short enough to not need such divisions is likely not lengthy enough to qualify as a full-lengthy novel. Timelines and Points of View Authors may choose to structure novels in a variety of different ways. Instead of telling a story chronologically, for instance, the story may toggle between different time periods in order to maintain suspense or make a thematic point. Novels may also switch between the perspectives of multiple characters, rather than focusing on a single character as the sole protagonist. A novel may be told in the first person (narrated by a character) or in the third person (narrated by an outside voice with varying degrees of knowledge). Three-Act Structure Regardless of the time frame, a novel’s plot will often follow what is known as the three-act structure. The opening chapters will be concerned with acquainting readers with the main cast of characters and the world of the story, before a specific incident, typically referred to as the â€Å"inciting incident,† shakes up the status quo and launches the â€Å"real† story. From that point, the story (now in â€Å"Act 2†) will enter a series of complications as the protagonist pursues some goal, encountering obstacles and smaller goals along the way. At the midpoint of the story, there will often be some major shift that raises the stakes, all leading up to the emotional and narrative climax towards the end of the novel. â€Å"Act 3† concerns itself with this finale and the fallout. Sources Burgess, Anthony. Novel. Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/art/novel.Doody, Margaret Anne.  The True Story of the Novel. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1996.Kuiper, Kathleen, ed. Merriam-Websters Encyclopedia of Literature. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 1995.Watt, Ian. The Rise of the Novel. University of California Press, 2001.

Trafficking and Prostitution in Thailand Essay - 2651 Words

In a small village consumed by poverty a man in a business suit shows up. He goes from family to family offering to buy children for a year’s worth of pay. He gets to one family with a young girl whose father sells her to feed his addiction for heroine. Scared and confused the girl is now forced into a brothel, sexually pleasing more than 20 men a day. Nearly five years later she is rescued only to lose her life to AIDS from unprotected sex. The human trafficking industry in Thailand has long been overlooked both internally and externally. Corruption, greed, foreign relations, economic pressure, and overall demand have fueled the trafficking industry in Thailand. Until the world and the Thai government make serious changes to the way they†¦show more content†¦The children are enslaved as free labor and are of the victims of sexual abuse as well. According to Andrea Bertone and Christina Arnold, founders of the organization Prevent Human Trafficking, â€Å"Work for t rafficked victims consists of exploitation, debt bondage, low to no wages, excessive hours, unsafe conditions. Often victims see themselves as being no worse off than if they had stayed home† (Arnold 31). Despite the horrible conditions most victims don’t even realize the gravity of their situation and fall into a sense of appeasement. The state of social and economic disarray that plagues villages surrounding Thailand makes them easy prey for trafficking. According to Toward Freedom, and organization dedicated to advancement of human rights, peace, justice, enlightenment, and freedom from oppression, â€Å"Brothel owners have networks of agents combing the villages for troubled families with daughters, making tempting offers of good jobs in the big cities and resort areas† (â€Å"Toward†). The most common scenario for troubled families is that they are in debt and are without proper paying jobs. Families are offered up to an entire year’s salary and are also told their children will be going to a better life. Many families know they can’t support their children and see this as their only option. The economic issue prevalent is not unique to Thailand. According to Asia Times, an organization designed to report on Asian political, economic and businessShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking An d Its Effects On Human Rights1446 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is an assault on human rights and a violation of one’s dignity by means of forced labor, sex trafficking, bonded labor, and/or domestic servitude. It remains to be both a local and global issue, â€Å"occurring in nearly every country, and its networks are vast and formidable to investigate† (Jesionka 2012). Despite government, activist groups and other organization’s methods of intervention, human trafficking is still a major concern with more individuals enslaved now than ever beforeRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Human Rights Violations846 Words   |  4 PagesHuman trafficking is one of today’s egregious human rights violations. Traffickers focus on the most vulnerable members of society, preying mostly on women, and children, yet men are also trafficked in high numbers. Trafficking of a person refers to the, â€Å"illegal trade of a human being for sexual exploitation or force d labor through abduction, force, threat, or fraud† (UNOC 2015). Human trafficking can come in many forms such as, sex exploitation, forced labour, as well as forced donor-ship. TheRead MoreChild Pornography And Child Trafficking Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesThere are a total of 17.9 million children in Thailand under the age of 18, which includes homeless children, runaway children, children who live in poverty, or children who have a disability SOS CHILDREN. The estimated number of children in commercial sexual exploitation today in Thailand varies from 600,000 to 800,000 SEX TRAFFICKING BOOK. More than 80% of these victims are women and girls, and 70% of them are forced into sexual servitude SEX TRAFFICKING BOOK. When a person obtains children for theRead MoreModern Day Slavery Of Thailand1525 Words   |  7 PagesModern day Slavery in Thailand Every year, Thailand experiences high rates of human trafficking from its rural parts and from its the neighboring countries in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. Sex trafficking is not just described as the trade in humans for sexual slavery but also consists of forced marriages or even martyr organ donors. Trafficking is often seen through the hue of sexual slavery and it is critical to understand the social, political and economic reasons that contribute to the growthRead MoreChild Sex Trafficking in Southeast Asia Essay examples1414 Words   |  6 PagesChild Sex Trafficking in Southeast Asia The world today faces many problems that are being combated by many organizations, yet there are broad ranges of challenges that are waiting to be fixed up but the efforts are not producing great results. One such problem human trafficking has been affecting many lives through years but through recent decades human trafficking both sexually and labor exploitation have risen drastically. Especially, in Southeast Asia, where child sex trafficking is a constantRead MoreProstitution Prevention And Prevention Act1560 Words   |  7 Pageshe perpetuation of human sex trafficking and the rising numbers of trafficked victims is also linked to Thailand’s weak government. The combination of widespread corruption among government officials and the lack of enforcement of laws concerning the Thai sex industry has lead to the prominence of human sex trafficking. The 1996 Prostitution Prevention and Prevention Act was implemented to punish pimps, procurers, brothel owners and customers, ho wever; this law and many others designed to protectRead MoreEssay on Human Trafficking1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 and The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Acts of 2003 and 2005 have defined sex trafficking as a commercial sexual act or acts that are induced by fraud, coercion, or in which the person to perform these sexual acts are under the age of eighteen Blackburn, Taylor and Davis (2010). The sex industry in Cambodia and Thailand consists of men, women, and children. In order for there to be enforced labor and sex trafficking there has to be formsRead MoreProstitution Is Legal For Human Trafficking1010 Words   |  5 Pagesare the thoughts I was having when I saw that Thailand has a total of around three million sex workers in their country, and the number is increasing. Prostitution is legal but human trafficking is not. How can we make prostitution legal and then not expect is to lead to more human trafficking aroun d the world. Prostitution is the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment. Usually when you think about prostitution you think about out of the United States. ButRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Its Effects On Society1273 Words   |  6 Pagesassociated with it are almost identical. Human trafficking, or â€Å"the modern slavery,† is defined as the â€Å"organized criminal activity in which human beings are treated as possessions to be controlled and exploited (as by being forced into prostitution or involuntary labor)† by Merriam Webster Dictionary (np). At any given time this affects 2.4 million people, 80% of whom are sexually exploited. This paper will highlight the tragic past of human trafficking for sexual exploitation and its current effectRead MoreSex Trafficking : The Exploitation Of Women And Children1370 Words   |  6 PagesSex trafficking is the exploitation of women and children, within national or across international borders, for the purposes of forced sex work. Modern day trafficking is a type of slavery that involves the transport or trade of people for the purpose of work.Human trafficking impacts people of all backgrounds, and people are trafficked for a variety of purposes. Men are often trafficked into hard labor jobs, while children are trafficked into labor positions in textile, agriculture and fishing industries

The Demand for Slavery Free Essays

â€Å"Keeping in mind Gregory O’Malley’s article, â€Å"Beyond the Middle Passage: Slave Migration from the Caribbean to North America, 1619-1807,† as well as materials from the lectures, describe the contribution of African-Americans, whether slave or free, to the composition of the population of the United States by 1790. How important does O’Malley believe that second voyages, from Caribbean islands to the mainland, were in creating the African American population of the colonies on the North American continent that became the United States? How and why do O’Malleys estimates differ from those of other historians? What implications may his findings have for how Africans were absorbed into mainland society? † The New Demand for Slavery By the year 1790, slave trade became the dominant source of labor in the English colonies, and the Caribbean. The bound labor made it to America in two different routes, and often determined their worth, but they never became more than a minority. We will write a custom essay sample on The Demand for Slavery or any similar topic only for you Order Now The slave trade provided a substantial growth in the Colonies, now allowing the whites to have workers that could complete the hard tasks, undesired by traditional colonial people. The bound Africans were thought to be essential labor, hich made the slave trade take off, and the importation numbers to rise. Therefore these areas, with an excessive deal of hard work, often felt that the bound labor was essential for economic growth and the United States population began to increase as the bound labor became favored. African forced labor contributed to the population of the inland Colonies and the Caribbean, but made a different effect in each area, as stated in the lecture. As the rising need for laborers increased, so did the number of bound labor. Where the labor first began to peak, was in the Caribbean. The weather was blistering, due to he tropical climate. This made disease prevalent in place like the West Indies, which made the Europeans avoid the hard effort needed. The Europeans also avoided the work in the West Indies when they found out the work was undesirable, very laborious, and by the time they reached freedom, they would not be able to afford land on the islands. Due to this, they had to satisfy the need for workers by finding involuntary people to complete the task. The number of slaves began to rise in the southern colonies, as soon they began to recognize that tobacco production was cheaper and more productive than sugar lantations. Natural reproduction tremendously drove the slave populace up, but also did the demand for workers on the tobacco fields. O’Malley stated in the first census, taken in 1790, that one in five people came from African origins. Today, in the twenty-first century, nearly twelve percent of the American population was made up of slaves. The shipping records indicate the number of slaves that came directly to America, but not the exact population of slaves in the Colonies. Slaves were favored straight from Africa, because they thought the forced labors coming from the Therefore, many slaves were unaccounted for, because that seemed irrelevant to the fact that they needed workers fast, to support the economic growth, and fulfill the hard work being set forth. The trips from the Caribbean were still significant, but varied under certain rule. Under the Spanish rule, slaves from the Caribbean were favored, but under the French rule, slaves were favored straight from Africa. O’Malley states that the slave population can be different than what other historians consider, because the ships from the Caribbean often admitted to having more slaves aboard them then they ctually wrote down on the records. This could supply many more slaves to the Colonies that were unaccounted for, which could have helped drive the population. O’Malley implicated that many more Africans could have been shipped than what accounted for. Thus, it shows how the people often thought of the slaves more as a piece of luggage, rather than a real, living, breathing human being. The bound laborers were forcibly taken from their home, and put on a land they knew nothing about. The slaves were forced to work in the hot conditions of Caribbean, or even on plantations of the southern colonies. The distribution of the ound labor varied across areas that needed the workers, but could also afford them. The exact number of persons with African decent cannot be told, because many were not recorded on overstocked ships, and many voyages were not tracked, especially from the Caribbean. Discrimination played a major role in their everyday life, where they were treated like a piece of property, rather than a human being. After the harsh treatment, the bound laborers finally were labeled free at the end of the Civil War, but this was only a beginning of their struggle to be treated like an individual of the United States of America. How to cite The Demand for Slavery, Papers

Ethics and Sustainability in Business-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Analyse the Concept and theories of Corporate Social Responsibility and how it relates to Ethical Business Practices. Answer: Introduction The conflict diamonds, which are popularly also known as blood diamonds are used mostly by the rebel activists so that it can fund the civil wars that are currently taking, place in large parts of Africa. The rise in the funding have resulted in the displacement and death of millions of people, as terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda finances most of the activities and indulge in money-laundering purposes (Smillie 2016). Figure 1: Conflict Diamonds (Source: Jakobi 2013) In the recent times, the practice is still going strong due to major conflicts that are still raging on some parts of the African continent. Parts like Ivory Coast, which is still under the rebels, are being mined for the diamonds so that it can be smuggled in the neighboring countries to be provided in the international markets. The Kimberley Process that was set up by the United Nations (UN) tries in stopping the trade by the illegal smuggling of these diamonds have increased and gained its access in Ghana from where it is sold in the international market (Jakobi 2013). Impact on stakeholders The stakeholders are the groups or the organizations that influences in an indirect or direct manner in the activities of the company. The conflict diamonds consist of variety of stakeholders and have a huge impact on the sale of the product. Multi-stakeholder policy (Kimberley Process) I am of the opinion that the Kimberley Process that was started to stop the trading process of the conflict diamonds was a huge failure by the United Nations. The process consist of various companies and 74 governments in Africa who have collaborated together in stopping the annihilation of the local people due to the illegal mining activities of diamonds (Cullen 2013). The research that I carried out emphasized that government soldiers in 2008 had to be deployed in the Marange diamond field so that the new order can be imposed, which will stop the merciless killing but in reality it was seen than more than 200 deaths took place along with torture and beating. From the De Beers controversy, I have come to the opinion that the process was to stop the problem by setting better standards, monitoring the process and verifying the exports that were being made but none of these activities were done, which led to the failure of it. Microsoft and Google had joined hands in developing a Globa l Network Initiative (GNI), which was done so that the freedom of expression along with the privacy of the internet can be protected (Davidson 2016). Figure 2: Kimberley Process (Source: Cullen 2013) Companies The research carried out by me showed that many of the international brands along with the US jewellery companies are dealing with conflict diamonds that has been triggering the violence and the civil wars in the African continent. International brands such as Cartier, Harry Winston and Bulgari could not provide a positive response in the Global Witness conference, which provided a proper hint that they were indulging in purchasing these diamonds. The jewellery chains such as Littman Jewelers, Bloomingdales and Saks Fifth Avenue also could not make the cut (Williams 2016). Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) The Kimberley process was done with the help of many NGOs so that it can help in looking after the impoverished population that was forced to work in the coal fields to exploit diamonds. On reviewing the report published by Amnesty International, I found that the yearly trade of diamonds is around $7 billion on a global scale and it constitutes of the conflict diamonds as well. To put an end to this, the NGOs launched campaign in the Sierra Leone region where the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) were amputating body parts of the victims, which constituted of children as well (Berman et al. 2017). Figure 3: Brutality towards local communities (Source: Williams 2016) Main issues The major issue that is present with conflict diamonds is that it is violating the human rights based on which the work has to be done. The rise in the funding has led to the serious civil wars in the African continent despite the active participation from the media. I feel that the rise in the conflict zones in Democratic Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone is due to the fact that the rebels want to gain control over the natural resources that consists of minerals, wood and oil (Bieri 2016). Figure 4: Mass killings by RUF in Sierra Leone (Source: Bieri 2016) The people who are mining in those areas are given unfair wages that is less that a dollar per day. They are not provided any training and are deprived from the important tools as well. Apart from these things, they are kept in unhygienic conditions, which give rise to vector-borne diseases such as malaria as well as HIV. Most of the mining communities are exploited through the mining practices, which gives rise to the lack in fundamental provisions such as clean drinking water among the people and other proper sanitation networks (Lorenz-Carl and Rempe 2016). Legislation These are the set of rules that are laid down so that it can help in reducing the level of atrocities that are met out to the people by placing a governing body along with policies and procedures. Diamond Tagging In my opinion, the use of laser and ion beam technology will help in inscribing the information on the diamonds by applying bar codes that are microscopic in nature. This will help in tracking and registering of the stones so that the country of origin can be identified. The laser technology is used only for cutting the diamonds whereas I think this can help in bringing revolutionary changes in the world of diamonds (Williams 2016). Recommendations I recommend that the use of conflict diamonds has to be stopped so that it can reduce the negative impacts that are taking place on the numerous people by the rebels. The funding that is reaching these organizations are exhibiting the purpose of money-laundering, which has given more power to the rebels in exploiting the human resources that is present in those areas. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the strong motive of the government may lead to the fall of these rebels who are creating nuisance in the African continent. The NGOs have to work in collaboration with the government so that proper steps can be taken in curbing down the industries that are dealing with these types of diamonds along with the laser tagging of the products, which needs to be mandatory for the mining companies. Reference List Berman, N., Couttenier, M., Rohner, D. and Thoenig, M., 2017. This mine is mine! How minerals fuel conflicts in Africa.American Economic Review,107(6), pp.1564-1610. Bieri, F., 2016.From blood diamonds to the Kimberley Process: How NGOs cleaned up the global diamond industry. Routledge. Cullen, H., 2013. Is there a future for the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme for conflict diamonds.Macquarie LJ,12, p.61. Davidson, N., 2016. The lion that didnt roar: can the Kimberley Process stop the blood diamonds trade?. Jakobi, A.P., 2013. Governing war economies: Conflict diamonds and the Kimberley Process. InThe Transnational Governance of Violence and Crime(pp. 84-105). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Lorenz-Carl, U. and Rempe, M., 2016.Mapping agency: comparing regionalisms in Africa. Routledge. Smillie, I., 2016. Blood diamonds: Canada, Africa and some object lessons in global governance.CanadaAfrica Relations: Looking Back, Looking Ahead. Williams, P.D., 2016.War and conflict in Africa. John Wiley Sons.