Can You Own a Sound - 900 Words

Can You Own a Sound? Do you think Happy Birthday is a copy right? We listen to music today and hear either the same beat or bits of pieces of someone else’s song on a different album. So, I ask this question again can you own a sound. When did sampling get popular? Sampling is the act of taking a portion of a song. The rapper Ice Cube recorded a song about sampling. Some people sued others for sampling, because it was either their beat or their lyrics. Sampling gained in the 1960’s. Once it started it caught people’s attention. It was said back then lots of people heard a similar beat from artist to artist. Sampling continues till today. Why are people amused by music if they have the same beat or sometimes stolen lyrics? Most†¦show more content†¦Chris put this is one of his songs. Now if you think about it copyright is when you either take someone else’s sound. Ice Cube made a song in the 1900’s about sampling, and used someone elseâ€⠄¢s beat. Now today it’s not that hard to take someone else’s beat and change the lyrics. Little do they know? Anyone who takes another artist song they can sew. My opinion on sampling I think its ok. Like we can’t stop people from using lyrics or beats from others. To me like people may be so interesting in your beat that they thought they use it. Honestly be happy that another author wants to use your beat or some lyrics they admire it. One of the sources I used sources Cathy Lynn Grossman, â€Å"Dance World Honors Ballet† of Mr. B: Kennedy Center Presents 14 works from Balanchine, â€Å"USA today, 12 September 2000, and p.40. Another source I used was Associated press, â€Å"Rock concerts Moving to Big Screens: Rolling Stones Green Day among bands simulcasting shows, today.msnbc.com (7 July 2003). And my last source was Steve Knopper, â€Å"The Cheap Seats,† Rolling Stone.no.926 (10 July 2003); 17. These are the only sources I chose out of t he book. I just want to talk about these sources. I found these sources in this book and it helped me find people with music. These helped a lot in my sources and my research. Does a hardcore rock sound almost sound the same? When you hear rock do you justShow MoreRelatedCan You Own a Sound?542 Words   |  2 PagesCan you own a sound? Recently people have been asking that question. There are multiple laws under the topic of music and things related in that matter but not any specifically claiming if you can own a sound. Music Music is defined as, â€Å"vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion.† It is said that music has been here since prehistoric times, from a cave painting. Since then, music has â€Å"upgraded† or adaptedRead MoreExamples Of Pre-Planning Information1374 Words   |  6 PagesInformation: Teaching and Learning Context Target student population: The target population my STEM box is tailored to children ages 3 to 6 from the local Hudson Valley. Because the Mid-Hudson Childrens Museum is located in Poughkeepsie New York, we can expect most of the children visiting would be from local elementary schools such as Governor George Clinton Elementary School, that’s student population is made up of 48.5% females and 51.5% males. Most students are of Black or of African American descentRead MoreSpeech Disorder : Language Delay Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesLANGUAGE DELAY IN TODDLERS. Language delay in toddlers should by no means be confused with speech disorder or language disorder. Speech disorder is when one’s child is incapable of sounds pronunciation in words. Different letters have unique ways in which they sound and a child with speech disorder finds it almost impossible to achieve communication by speech as their speech is next to impossible to understand. In language delay, the child in question usually struggles with the following; sayingRead MoreBalance Literacy vs. Whole Language866 Words   |  4 PagesWhole language teachers emphasize the meaning of texts over the sounds of letters, and phonics instruction becomes just one component of the whole language classroom. Problems associated with whole language include a lack of structure that has been traditionally supplied by the scope and sequence, lessons and activities, and extensive graded literature found in basal readers. Whole language puts a heavy burden on teachers to develop their own curriculum. Balanced Literacy is an approach for teachingRead MoreThe Music Of Girl Group878 Words   |  4 Pagessongs. Primarily, the music of girl group songs emits emotions of youthful naivetà © and girlish romantic sounds that are sonically appealing to ears expecting a light and warm feeling from the music. However â€Å"You Don’t Own Me† opens with a piano playing an ominous, perhaps threatening, melody that is sonically defiant to what is expected of popular music sung by a young woman. The haunting sounds present feelings of angst and frustration which were reflective of young girls feelings at a time whenRead MoreThe First Type Of Communication1348 Words   |  6 Pagesof speech sounds like oooooooh, eeeeeeeeh, and aaaah. These are sometimes produced accidently. The infant is not born to intentionally produce sounds. The infant when practicing can eventually can produce the speech sounds of their native language, but they have reinforcement to accomplish this. Infants began to babble at 3-6 months. This is a response to sounds heard by other people. Listening to people communicate vocally will encourage the infant to reciprocate and be vocal on their own. This isRead MoreThe Reading Inventory Performance Assessment Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesand dogs. Based on his assessment, we knew Ayden needed help in decoding words and phonemic awareness. Clinic Sessions Summary: (You need to explain that from the assessments and activities from the first 3 sessions, you chose a Georgia standard as a focus for the tutoring sessions. Give the standard and highlight the part you focused on, Discuss the strategies you used, the graphic organizers, anchor charts, etc. Just a brief description of them will be enough. Summarize the sessions) There wereRead MoreRock And Roll Of The 1960 S1611 Words   |  7 Pages Dr. Roessner Reading Rock Roll 11/21/16 Pet Sounds vs. SGT Pepper Rock and Roll in the 1960’s was a very memorable decade. Rock and roll music went through a very dramatic transformation; A few bands went through some changes of their own to keep selling albums. Two very popular bands that went through a transformation was the Beach Boys and the Beatles. I bring up these two well-known bands because I believe that they played a key role in the transformation of rock and roll. Rock andRead MoreDrum Kits For Beginners Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pages5 Electronic Drum Kits for Beginners Drumming like an absolute animal when one lives in an apartment complex where extra noise can paint a target on your door, or in any location where space is at a premium can seem like an impossible dream- not so. Meet the electronic drum set. Boasting both a much smaller footprint and much less sound pollution, many drummers have acquired these sets to get the better of their circumstances. But what does that mean to a beginner drummer? Thanks to their sizeRead MoreRomantic Literature : The Natural World1192 Words   |  5 Pagesother prominent Romantics he believed that our dreams are our imagination at work. By disregarding the formal reverence for reason and using uniquely styled landscapes and an inspiring use of sound Coleridge is able to express his imagination in such a way that his readers are able to build and see their own version of his world through their imagination. Coleridge focuses on imagination and emotion over reason is a defining trait of this poem. The lack of reason and ever changing, evolving structure

Cleaning Up After The Exxon Valdez Was free essay sample

A Mistake Essay, Research Paper Cleaning Up after the Exxon Valdez Was A Mistake Through many hours of research I have determined that the spill cleaning techniques used to clean the Prince William Sound country of Alaska did more injury than go forthing the oil where it was. The Alaskan oil spill has become the most studied and managed event of its sort. Although there is non much that can be done about the marine life that came into direct contact with the petroleum oil, the geologic effects that the oil introduced into the country should hold been left to nature to mend. To understand the effects of the oil to the country, it is best that you know a small spot about the oil itself. There are many types of petroleum oil, but in general they contain 100s, even 1000s of different compounds. Some are straight-chain hydrocarbons with C Numberss runing from 4 or 5 to 35 or more. Other hydrocarbons have branched ironss with a broad scope of C Numberss. Aromatic compounds such as benzine, methylbenzene, and polynuclear hydrocarbons are well present. Other components include waxes and complex, high molecular weight asphaltenes. ( Abelson ) All of these substances and more are present in Prudhoe Bay petroleum oil. When ingested, most of the compounds are atoxic. Noteworthy exclusions are some of the aromatic compounds, including benzine and methylbenzene. After a rough oil is spilled in a marine environment, many procedures follow. Typical petroleum has a denseness of about 0.85, more or less, and this factor combined with air currents, wave action, and currents leads to spreading, which is really rapid during the first 24 hours. During that period most of the constituents holding boiling points below 200 [ deg. ] C volatilize. As a consequence some of the toxic chemicals such as benzine are removed. ( The composing of the floating mixture is farther changed instantly and subsequently by photooxidation, biodegradation, scattering, and disintegration. About a twenty-four hours after the spill, depending on temperature and beckon action, an emulsification of oil and sea H2O occurs, taking to formation of a extremely syrupy stuff that contains about 70 % H2O. This stuff is really gluey, and it adheres to about all objects that it encounters, including birds and sea otters. Abelson ) There has been one study of a minor fish putting to death in Prince William Sound. Observations at other oil spills indicate that spr ead oil is non toxic to zooplankton when ingested. It is eliminated in the fecal matters. In general, oil chemicals are non concentrated in the nutrient concatenation. There are many ways that nature battles oil in the environment, when it gets put where its non say to be. After all rough oil is a natural portion of our environment. In one survey designed to imitate the effects of moving ridges and tides, contact with saltwater gave the black, gluey oil # 8220 ; the downy visual aspect of a flocculated emulsion # 8221 ; that no longer strongly adheres good to sediment, Bragg studies. Seawater made up about 80 per centum of these cloud-like sums. The remainder consisted mostly of mineral grains stably bound to oil droplets 1 to 10 micrometers in diameter. ( Beached ) For case, the Exxon scientists found that flocculation can increase the country of the oil-water interface # 8212 ; sometimes by up to 1,000 times. This increases the likeliness that the more toxic, water-soluble aromatic chemicals will leach from the oil, Bragg says. Furthermore, it expands the country available for hydrocarbonhungry bacteriums to latch on to, thereby easing the oil # 8217 ; s dislocation. Indeed, H2O taken from oiled beach deposit revealed that active bacteriums normally make up portion of any of course produced oil-clay floc. Flocculation besides helps explicate another once perplexing observation: the comparatively rapid disappearing of oil from even quiet, sheltered bays. Most research workers expected oil to prevail in these countries, where corrading moving ridges and sediment motion seldom occur, even during storms. But experiments by Bragg and his colleagues showed that moving ridges excessively weak to travel sediment littorals could still drive the flocculation-fostered remotion of oil, ab initio at rates of 3 per centum per hr. Bragg says it now appears that every wane tide may take some O Illinois – even after heavy weathering has rendered oil tarry and really indissoluble in H2O. The remarkably high degrees of # 8220 ; mineral mulcts # 8221 ; # 8212 ; clay # 8220 ; flours # 8221 ; produced by local glaciers # 8212 ; along the southern Alaskan shoreline contributed to the remarkably efficient emulsification of beached Valdez oil, the Exxon surveies indicate. ( Beached ) They besides suggest that adding such flours to shores with low clay contents might augment the natural killing of oil spills in the hereafter. The Alaska Current enters the Sound on the E and issues on the West. This flow has protected some of the Sound from major taint and has carried portion of the spill out of the Sound. As a consequence of assorted physical, biological, and chemical procedures, the stock list of oil in Prince William Sound ( originally 10 million gallons ) dropped about 70 % during the first 4 hebdomads after the spill. The U.S. Forest Service, one bureau active at the site, quotes an Exxon estimation as follows: evaporated, 35 % ; recovered, 17 % ; burned, 8 % ; biodegraded, 5 % ; dispersed, 5 % . The sum in the signifier of oil slipperinesss on Prince William Sound amounted to 10 % of the original spill ; that on the shoreline, 18 % . A big fleet of vass was wipe uping up the slipperinesss, and in good conditions was capturing approximately 120,000 gallons a twenty-four hours. Previous experience has shown that one time the slipperinesss become thin ( some microns ) they are reasonably quickly destroy ed by photooxidation and microbial action. ( Abelson ) One of the chief decorative jobs was the shoreline. The shorelines were blackened by the first 24-hours of the spill. To the clean up crews this was more of a public dealingss job than a geologic job since the intelligence media made a large trade of it. This outraged the populace and the first thing that the clean up crews wanted to make was clean it and clean it fast. They made a large error by utilizing hard-hitting hot H2O cleaners. The often used high-pressure, hot H2O rinsing besides # 8220 ; annihilates a batch of marine life that otherwise survive the spill, # 8221 ; observes Alan J. Mearns of NOAA # 8217 ; s ecological recovery monitoring plan in Seattle. Rockweed, a brown alga, proved its most outstanding victim. Once representing up to 90 per centum of the intertidal works mass in some countries of Prince William Sound, it virtually disappeared in many countries subjected to hot H2O, scientists reported. And particularly in higher tidal zones, rockweed # 8217 ; s recovery remains slow. ( Raloff ) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) announced that, contrary to the best advice so available, rinsing the oil off 400 stat mis of beach with powerful watercourses of hot saltwater # 8211 ; the first clip this has been used as the primary killing manner for a spill # 8211 ; was more destructive than go forthing the oil where it was. In footings of the copiousness and diverseness of life, oiled beaches that were left untreated are now similar in most cases to sites where no oil had come ashore, say NOAA # 8217 ; s main scientist, marine life scientist Sylvia Earle. Treated beaches are clearly in the worst form. ( Kerr ) In decision at that place will most probably be no long-run effects of the oil spill. The attempts to clean it will add to the clip of recovery, but Mother Nature will catch up and before to hanker you will non be able to state that an oil spill even occurred, both cosmetically and ecologically. The money used to clean the spill was largely for the public # 8217 ; s blessing. They cleaned for the imperativeness and the media. Pressure rinsing merely killed the beings and workss on the shorelines. Sylvia Earle says: # 8220 ; Sometimes the best, and ironically the most hard, thing to make in the face of an ecological catastrophe is to make nothing. # 8221 ; Mentions 1. Abelson, Philip H. , Oil Spills, American Association for the Advancement of Science, May 12,1989 v244 n4905 p629 ( 1 ) . 2. Kerr, Richard A. , A lesson learned, once more, at Valdez. , American Association for the Advancement of Science, April 19, 1991 v252 n5004 p371 ( 1 ) . 3. Beached Valdez oil fled in floc. , Science News, May 8, 1993 v143 n19 p302 ( 1 ) 4. Raloff, Janet, Valdez spill leaves permanent oil impacts. , Science News, Feb 13, 1993 v143 n7 p102 ( 2 )

Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience!

Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! Type of Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics Furthermore, the look of trees with a couple buildings makes the outdoor scene clearest. The employee might run through a number of variables based upon the info related to the price of buying the new equipment, the charge to keep up the new equipment, and the savings related to using the new equipment. There are special words and word combination employed for analytical purposes which ought to be learned too. Just take a while to organize your task. You should point out in the event the brand below the discussion is an industry leader, who sets the trends, second best, or only an industry follower hoping to make its space in the business. The marketer should understand his possible client keenly in order to understand which type of design will suit him. The crib has an easy design. In truth, it utilizes an image of a conventional crib. Odds are, all you have to do i s relax and locate a topic you're passionate about and, naturally, one that's debatable. If you don't understand the problem, you've hardly any opportunities to succeed. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. Naturally, the latter solution is more preferable as you're able to decide on the topic you're interested in. You've got to present arguments in support of a particular opinion. There may be different goals in regards to analysis. The data set used to finish the analysis is dependent on the question the analysis is trying to answer. This type of analysis may also be employed to ascertain whether a corporation should make an investment or sell an asset. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Analysis essays are known to be among the hardest to write. An analysis essay is a type of persuas ive essay. Your analysis essay ought to be easy and challenging at same moment. Absolutely free Advertisement Analysis essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Topics can change depending on your majors. Start your post with a hyperlink to your campaign ad so students may watch the ad also. A financial based advert can't be carried out in casual wear unless intentionally vital. Standing-out among other advertisements or other kinds of media is important. It helps the brand to use humorous advertisements like these. When an advert can't strike the customer, then it cannot fulfill its objective. It's also important to know the aim of the advertisement and why you compose the essay on this ad. The theme of the specific advertisement is a digital reality. Top Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics Secrets Among the biggest sections of analyzing an ad is looking closely at the folks in it. Thus, the application of the easy and short textual message is in fact sufficient to capture and inform the target audience on the objective of the advert. Do a little research into all the folks who went into the introduction of a specific ad. In the advertisement the background image that's part of the digital look is lined, also referred to as interlaced, to create the sensation of digital reality greatly increase. It follows that the advert has to be creative enough, not merely to earn consciousness of the item, but also to pull in the consumers in a briefer period. To begin with, the advert includes a baby girl. The principal purposes of the ad are providing information regarding the consequences of smoking on humans. Flip through of any parenting magazine and you'll be astonished at the quantity of knowledge you will receive. In other word, the advertisement is attempting to reach to the adult about the outcome of smoking each and every moment. Advertisements for most electronic devices utilized by the young adults might include the picture or voice of a youthful woman, whose main intent is to entice the youthful man's interest. For instance, a Coca-Cola advert linked to soccer is going to have a good deal of effect whether its location is in South American. For instance, if there's a person standing in the advert, an individual needs to be in a position to be aware of the reason he' s standing and not sitting. And don't forget, too cheap doesn't always mean good! The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. If you are thinking about how to compose an ad analysis essay which could impress the readers, then you came to the correct spot! Browsing our essay writing samples can provide you a sense whether the standard of our essays is the quality you're looking for.

Research Paper Topic - Three Tips For Choosing the Best Topic For Your Research Paper

Research Paper Topic - Three Tips For Choosing the Best Topic For Your Research PaperWhen you're writing a research paper, your topic may seem daunting - so, here are some things to keep in mind when choosing the right topic. Hopefully, this will help you avoid the common pitfalls and be able to find the perfect topic for your research paper.First, it's important to think about the format of your research paper. Will it be submitted for a standard submission or an online submission? For research papers written for a standard publication, the format should include titles, authors' names, journal name, year, and title. Online research papers need an author bio, abstract, and title, and a title page. The author bio can have a title, abstract, and any additional information that are needed, such as any references or bibliography.Second, what research is it about? Is it for a specific technology, event, idea, event, etc? If so, there is no need to worry about selecting a specific topic. H owever, if the topic is generic, you can still choose a suitable topic that would make sense. When you are writing a research paper, you want to keep in mind that not all topics are good ideas - even if it's for a topic for a technology for research paper.Third, think about your unique idea. If you're writing a research paper about a specific technology, it might be tempting to provide as much information as possible about the technology. If you do this, though, you may have a problem because technology can be very subjective, especially as you become more experienced. So, focus on your unique perspective on the topic.Fourth, keep in mind that information isn't always information. Some information is opinion, and the opinions and viewpoints of people hold are not necessarily true. This is especially true if the source of the information you are providing is also not the source of the facts that are true. This is especially true when you are writing a research paper about the technol ogy for research paper. Think about how you would conduct the research, how you would know the information, and how you would interpret the information to give the reader something that they can use.Fifth, find a topic for your research paper that will encourage you to explore the topic further. If your topic is about technology for research paper, then it's important to consider what you learned during your research. This means that you may have a great idea for a topic, but you may not want to share it with others until you have explored it further. If you don't tell others about your topic, then you may end up changing your mind.Sixth, remember that a nice research paper is one that you won't mind reading over, because you enjoyed it. If you don't enjoy the topic, then you will not enjoy the research paper. So, keep in mind that your goal is to find a topic that you will enjoy reading.As you can see, there are many considerations when writing a research paper about the technology for research paper. Use these tips to guide you through the process of choosing the best topic. Hopefully, they will help you find the perfect topic for your research paper.

New Questions About Sample Writing Essay for Essay Answered and Why You Must Read Every Word of This Report

New Questions About Sample Writing Essay for Essay Answered and Why You Must Read Every Word of This Report Top Sample Writing Essay for Essay Choices 1 way to consider the conclusion is, paradoxically, as a second introduction since it does actually contain a number of the same capabilities. When writing about a case of a profile essay about an individual who's not well known include enough details that will enable your reader to acquire an idea about what you're presenting. Occasionally a great instance of what you're attempting to achieve is well worth a 1000 words of advice! Obviously, there is absolutely no definite solution to the question I used as a title. Being a tourist-friendly nation, you need not be concerned about the accommodation in the slightest. With essays, there are those who commit plenty of mistakes during the writing procedure, and the majority of them don't know that. Just be sure that it is something which you require, not just something that you want in the brief term. The main reason is that some individuals have excellent writing skills while some don't. Thus, to make your essay clear, show the consequence of your research and show the significance of your objective. Research on the topic matter if you discover that it's necessary. By itself, essay it's easy, and along with lectures, laboratory work, and control only a disaster. Scientific sources may also help you locate a substantial quantity of evidence, and thus do not neglect to hunt for solid references. Also, in the event the sample consists of a works cited list, use it like a foundation for your research. Each assignment will include specific instructions from the customer what you're supposed to be writing. Many times, due to the uniqueness of the institution or the department, the student is confronted with the simple fact that he could barely locate the material on the topic by giving the job. Don't hesitate to use our samples and make your own writing on their basis. At first, the book is simply an assortment of pages with a cover. Locating an excellent site and getting accepted can be a frustrating procedure but it's achievable. The following suggestions will function as a guide for you. All the reference items begin with the title of the information supply. The Secret to Sample Writing Essay for Essay It's evident that the absolute most voluminous portion of an essay is its body paragraphs since they include all of the information and evidence. The previous senten ce provides the response to the essay question. There aren't any dates of publication in all the references. If it's possible to write a suitable academic essay, it is going to aid you greatly in your studies since you will get improved grades and earn your teachers' respect. There's several essays completed by them. Before writing your essay, you ought to know about the layout. In case you were writing about a personal profile essay example about a celebrity, you need to make the reader feel happy with the info you've provided. Essay writing examples in doc format like the ones given may help steer you in writing a superior composition. It is possible to come across thousands of sample essays, but remember that many are poorly written. If you're stuck on how best to compose an example essay, you can stick to a few basic measures to dig yourself out of the rut and compose an example essay that you are able to be pleased with. Our sample essay has a straightforward but decent introduction in which it demonstrates that the examinee has knowledge of this issue and clearly states the writer's position to prepare the remainder of the essay. The example essay is among the absolute most basic essays in academic writing, but may be exceedingly difficult if you've never written one or don't know what things to write about. With us, you can't fear for the minimal uniqueness of the text. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the proper style. If life on other planets exists, it can be completely different from that which we are utilised to not just in form, but in fundamental principles a lso. Stick to the directions provided and make certain you use the suitable style and technique.

Online Cyberbullying Essay

Online Cyberbullying EssayThe Online Cyberbullying Essay is designed to expose the abilities and weaknesses of individuals, thus giving them a great advantage over other people in the workplace and in their social life. This online homework will not only allow the student to understand the actions of others, but also give them the tools necessary to make sure that they never make the same mistakes that they are attempting to correct. These skills are important for any person in the workforce or on campus.The characteristics are strengths and weaknesses of the individual. The strengths are what individuals are most proud of, such as being knowledgeable or being creative. The weaknesses are what makes the individual less proud of themselves, such as not having the needed discipline or not being honest. While there are many types of strengths and weaknesses, students are most interested in understanding how these traits impact an individual in their own personal lives.The motivation to develop the cyberbullying essay sample can be found in many sources. The motivation that we all have for succeeding in school or being able to learn new things can be found in the online cyberbullying essay.Many studies have shown that those who suffer from cyberbullying have problems at home, in their personal relationships, and in their personal skills. It is important for the student to be able to comprehend the stressors that the bullying has brought to their lives, and how the cyberbullying was responsible for these issues. The online cyberbullying essay will help the student to realize that they need to recognize these issues in order to better prepare for their future.To learn more about the characteristics of cyberbullying, students should spend some time researching the different reasons why people become cyberbullies. This online homework can help students determine if they have problems that they may be responsible for, or if they need to pay attention to the bullying in their lives. Students should be able to answer these questions and determine the root of their problems so that they can seek out the appropriate support and resources.There are many benefits to working with the online cyberbullying essays, especially when they have been modified in some way. These tools are used to help students learn new skills and find out what they can do to help improve their personal lives. Some students may want to work with some of the previous materials, while others may want to explore the internet.The best cyberbullying lesson plan can teach students more about themselves, how they handle challenges in their life, and how to become better people. Working with the cyberbullying essay is beneficial to both students and educators, allowing students to get the information they need to become better individuals.

The Republic By Plato (427 - 347 B.C.) Essays - Socratic Dialogues

The Republic by Plato (427 - 347 B.C.) The Republic by Plato (427 - 347 B.C.) Book Overveiw (The Republic is an examination of the "Good Life"; the harmony reached by applying pure reason and justice. The ideas and arguments presented center on the social conditions of an ideal republic - those that lead each individual to the most perfect possible life for him. Socrates Plato's early mentor in real life - moderates the discussion throughout, presumably as Plato's mouthpiece. Through Socrates' powerful and brilliant questions and summations on a series of topics, the reader comes to understand what Plato's model society would look like.) Socrates was returning to Athens after attending a festival, when he met Polemarchos on the road. Upon Polemarchos' insistence, Socrates accompanied him to his home to meet his friends and family. As they entered the courtyard, Polemarchos' elderly father, Cephalus, greeted them and launched into a discussion of old age. Socrates seemed pleased to converse with the older man: "It seems right to enquire of them, as if they traversed a long journey which perhaps we will have to traverse." The discussion then turned to the question of "justice," or "doing the right thing." Polemarchos suggested that "to give back what is owed to each is just." However, Socrates countered that to return a weapon to a friend who had gone mad was not just, but the opposite of justice. Still another man, Thrasymachos, offered his definition of justice: "I declare justice is nothing but the advantage of the stronger." But Socrates, again by logical argument, dismissed this definition: Since rulers are fallible, they often make decisions that are not in their best interest, thus requiring their subjects to do the wrong, unjust thing. But, according to Socrates, "right living," dutiful service to others, and doing that which is "appropriate" to the person and situation are the prerequisites to individual happiness - and prerequisites for avoiding chaos within a republic. Still another in the group voiced his objections to Socrates' statement that justice is a virtue and injustice a vice; Glaucon was not entirely convinced that justice possessed any intrinsic value. Socrates began his examination of this concept by turning his focus from the individual to the city: people gathered together in cities in order that each individual might perform the task best suited to his or her nature. From this point, Socrates delineated the various classes of people in a citystate, from the peasant and beggar to the highest kings and rulers. He then posed a question: "Do you not think, that one who is to be guardian-like (a leader) needs something more besides a spirited temper, and that is to be in his nature a lover of wisdom?" Socrates also wondered aloud how these traits could be instilled into potential leaders: "How shall our guardians be trained and educated?" Socrates proceeded to weigh the numerous types of education and experience demanded of a good ruler, and divided education into two main areas: music (in this case, all the arts) and gymnastics (athletics). Fables, he observed, were the first "music" that children hear, and children are "easily molded" by these stories. Socrates recommended that "we must set up a censorship over the fable-makers, and approve any good fable they make, and disapprove the bad." Many classical fables and myths were to be censored as "false" because they portrayed the gods in an unfavorable light. Children "must never hear at all that the gods war against other gods and plot and fight," he said, for when they grow older, they will accept this behavior as virtuous. Instead, children should hear the "noblest things told in the best fables for encouraging virtue." He concluded: "God is simple and true in word and deed," and this must be held up as an example to children, especially to those who may grow up to become rulers. Socrates extended his censorship argument to include craftsmen: artists and sculptors must be restrained from deformed, ignoble, morbid or "imaginary" creations, "to stop their implanting this spirit so evil and dissolute." Craftsmen "who by good natural powers can track out the nature of the beautiful and the graceful," should share their gifts so that young people would dwell in "wholesome country." A delicate balance had to be maintained between gymnastic and "musical" education; an over-emphasis on gymnastics produced "savagery and hardness" in a person, while too much music spawned excessive "softness and gentleness." The two arts "may be fitted together in concord, by being strained and slackened to the proper point." Now that the thrust of the future citizens' education was established, Socrates asked: "Which